If the two countries specialize and trade, their after-trade consumption will be determined both by the terms of trade on which they agree and the amount of trading in which they engage.

From the perspective of Country A, if there are no trade restrictions, its possible after-trade bundles lie in the green shaded region to the right labeled A's Trade Region, bounded by A's PPF and A's Best Trades. (Remember that A's Best Trades are determined by B's opportunity costs.) Country B would have a similar region. Specialization and trade enables both countries to enjoy more Cars and Food than what is otherwise possible. What happens if Country A restricts trade with Country B?

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