For the first through third movies purchased, her willingness to pay was above $5, but she paid $5 for each tape. This additional willingness to pay, above the market price, is consumer surplus. On the graph to the right the area of consumer surplus is green, while total expenditure is red. Total willingness to pay for 4 videos is the green + red areas, or the entire area under the demand curve to the left of the quantity consumed.
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